Using the ALPHA (UNIX -- case sensitive)

To change your password, at the alpha host prompt $ or >, type passwd. Press Enter.  As prompted, enter (=type and press the Enter key) your current password, enter your new password, enter your new password again.  Make a note of it; if you forget it, you can no longer get into your account.
A new password must have 5-8 characters (letters; some numbers are permitted, but no spaces or punctuation marks).  It must have mixed case, e.g., at least one capitalized letter.

If you return to the menu, enter the number given for Exit. Close the window.

see Connecting in the ACC || by modem || with a direct connection

Internet:

E-mail:

Some useful UNIX commands at the c-shell prompt (case sensitive):

Communicating online: Who is online?

who / w / who am i who is on the system / doing what / my username

users all users who are logged on

finger who is logged on

finger <user> info. about <user>

chfn set up own personal info. (this may not take)

groups <user> list of groups the user belongs to

ruptime or ping info. about remote hosts

rwho info. about users on remote hosts

Messages to users online with talk or write

talk is easier but works only on video display terminals

who / rwho who is logged on

talk <user> [ttyname] set up 2-window talk; end with Ctrl-c

The other person must type the same command at start.

write <user> [ttyname] write something, end each line with Return, end message with Ctrl-d

! at beginning of line causes the line to be executed

The command line

Delete key delete previous character

Ctrl-w delete previous word

Ctrl-u delete current line

Ctrl-c kill current process

Ctrl-z stop current process

Ctrl-d end of file if you are reading a file / logout if you are at the command line

history show most recent commands

!<number> reexecute this command

!! reexecute last command

clear clear screen or window (this works for UNIX output, not for Lynx or mail)

Help

help main commands

man <command> manual on this command

man -k <keyword> commands relevant to <keyword> in the manual

man uuencode

Files and directories

ls <files> list files (default: all; for selected files use * or ? as wildcard)

ls <dirname> list files in the named directory

-a all including files whose names start with dot .

-l long form including filesize, time

-t / -tr sorted by time (latest first) / (reversed (latest last)

-F all including directories

-R recursively in all directories

ls -l <start of long file or dir name> Esc the system matches and completes the name

pg <filename> view file, one screen at a time, Enter to scroll

more <filename> show file, one screen at a time, Enter or space to scroll

cat <filename> view file without pause -- Ctrl-s to pause, Ctrl-q to resume

q stop viewing the file

pr <filename> | more view file with simple formatting, space to scroll

head / tail <filename> view first few lines / last few lines

diff <file1> <file2> view differences in two text files

file * / file <file> file type of all files / one named file

sort <file> sort text file

sort file1 file2 >file3 sort two text files (file1 and file2) into (>) a new file (file3)

mv <oldname> <newname> rename (=move) file or directory

rm <filename> delete (=remove) file (if file is linked, only the link is removed)

mkdir <dirname> make directory

rmdir <dirname> delete dir (note: it must be empty)

cp <path/file> <path/newfile> copy file

cp / mv <file> <dirname> copy / move file to named dir

cp -r <dirname> <dirname> copy dir including its files and subdirs to new dir

cp -p <file> <file> copy a file keeping old date: copy must have different name

ln <dir> <file> <newfile> link file in different dir to current dir, give it new name

rm <filename> remove link (note: if there is no link, the file is deleted)

pwd current dir name

cd <dirname> change dir--sometimes you need to enter /<dirname>

cd and Enter key return to own home directory -- or cd ~

whereis <filename> find a program file or manual

Path

dot . / dot dot .. current / parent directory, e.g., cd ..

Disk and environment

df / du diskspace free / diskspace used (this works on the Unix but not on the Alpha)

quota disk quota (diskspace allowed you -- this works on the Unix)

/usr/sbin/quota (diskspace used -- allowed you -- maximum) 1 block = 512 bytes

compress / uncompress squeeze a file / restore it; e.g. compress -v <filename>

hostname show host name

printenv print environment variables

setenv <variable> <value> set an environment variable

stty current terminal settings

set term = vt100 set terminal (space before and after =), needed for pine and emacs